Migration (CLI)

This and the next sections concern those who are getting a taste of SeaORM by creating a new, toy database schema. If you already have an existing database schema, feel free to skip over to Section 1.4.

In this section, we define the following simple schema with migrations.

Initialize using sea-orm-cli

For beginners, it is recommended to use sea-orm-cli to define and run the migrations.

# Install `sea-orm-cli`
$ cargo install sea-orm-cli

# List all available migration commands that are supported by `sea-orm-cli`
$ sea-orm-cli migrate -h

Initialize the migration folder:

$ sea-orm-cli migrate init

# The folder structure will be as follows:
.
├── Cargo.toml
├── migration
│   ├── Cargo.toml
│   ├── README.md
│   └── src
│       ├── lib.rs
│       ├── m20220101_000001_create_table.rs
│       └── main.rs
└── src
    └── main.rs

Define the migrations

Update the migration files to define the Bakery and Chef tables:

The filename must follow the format m<date>_<6-digit-index>_<description>.rs.

For more information about defining migrations, read the documentation of SchemaManager.

- m20220101_000001_create_table.rs
+ m20220101_000001_create_bakery_table.rs
+ m20220101_000002_create_chef_table.rs

#![allow(unused)]
fn main() {
// m20220101_000001_create_bakery_table.rs

use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;

pub struct Migration;

impl MigrationName for Migration {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "m20220101_000001_create_bakery_table" // Make sure this matches with the file name
    }
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
    // Define how to apply this migration: Create the Bakery table.
    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
        manager
            .create_table(
                Table::create()
                    .table(Bakery::Table)
                    .col(
                        ColumnDef::new(Bakery::Id)
                            .integer()
                            .not_null()
                            .auto_increment()
                            .primary_key(),
                    )
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Bakery::Name).string().not_null())
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Bakery::ProfitMargin).double().not_null())
                    .to_owned(),
            )
            .await
    }

    // Define how to rollback this migration: Drop the Bakery table.
    async fn down(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
        manager
            .drop_table(Table::drop().table(Bakery::Table).to_owned())
            .await
    }
}

#[derive(Iden)]
pub enum Bakery {
    Table,
    Id,
    Name,
    ProfitMargin,
}
}

#![allow(unused)]
fn main() {
// m20220101_000002_create_chef_table.rs

use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;

use super::m20220101_000001_create_bakery_table::Bakery;

pub struct Migration;

impl MigrationName for Migration {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "m_20220101_000002_create_chef_table" // Make sure this matches with the file name
    }
}

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
    // Define how to apply this migration: Create the Chef table.
    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
        manager
            .create_table(
                Table::create()
                    .table(Chef::Table)
                    .col(
                        ColumnDef::new(Chef::Id)
                            .integer()
                            .not_null()
                            .auto_increment()
                            .primary_key(),
                    )
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Chef::Name).string().not_null())
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Chef::ContactDetails).json())
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Chef::BakeryId).integer().not_null())
                    .foreign_key(
                        ForeignKey::create()
                            .name("fk-chef-bakery_id")
                            .from(Chef::Table, Chef::BakeryId)
                            .to(Bakery::Table, Bakery::Id),
                    )
                    .to_owned(),
            )
            .await
    }

    // Define how to rollback this migration: Drop the Chef table.
    async fn down(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
        manager
            .drop_table(Table::drop().table(Chef::Table).to_owned())
            .await
    }
}

// For ease of access
#[derive(Iden)]
pub enum Chef {
    Table,
    Id,
    Name,
    ContactDetails,
    BakeryId,
}
}

#![allow(unused)]
fn main() {
// migration/src/lib.rs

pub use sea_orm_migration::prelude::*;

// Add each migration file as a module
mod m20220101_000001_create_bakery_table;
mod m20220101_000002_create_chef_table;

pub struct Migrator;

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl MigratorTrait for Migrator {
    fn migrations() -> Vec<Box<dyn MigrationTrait>> {
        vec![
            // Define the order of migrations.
            Box::new(m20220101_000001_create_bakery_table::Migration),
            Box::new(m20220101_000002_create_chef_table::Migration),
        ]
    }
}
}

Important: Make sure the following features are enabled in the migration crate. The database driver feature must match the database being used.

# migration/Cargo.toml

...

[dependencies.sea-orm-migration]
version = "^0.12.0"
features = [
+   "sqlx-mysql",
+   "runtime-async-std-native-tls",
]

Perform the migrations

Perform all the migrations through sea-orm-cli:

Make sure you are running this command at the project root.

# Change the value of DATABASE_URL according to your database implementation.
# Make sure the database name is also supplied for MySQL or PostgreSQL.
$ DATABASE_URL="mysql://root:password@localhost:3306/bakeries_db" sea-orm-cli migrate refresh