What's new in SeaORM 1.0-rc.x

This blog post summarizes the new features and enhancements introduced in SeaORM 1.0-rc.x:

• 1.0.0-rc.1
• 1.0.0-rc.2
• 1.0.0-rc.3

New Features

Refreshed migration schema definition

#2099 We are aware that SeaORM's migration scripts can sometimes look verbose. Thanks to the clever design made by Loco, we've refreshed the schema definition syntax.

An old migration script looks like this:

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
        manager
            .create_table(
                Table::create()
                    .table(Users::Table)
                    .if_not_exists()
                    .col(
                        ColumnDef::new(Users::Id)
                            .integer()
                            .not_null()
                            .auto_increment()
                            .primary_key(),
                    )
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Users::Pid).uuid().not_null())
                    .col(ColumnDef::new(Users::Email).string().not_null().unique_key())
                    // ...
    }
}

Now, using the new schema helpers, you can define the schema with a simplified syntax!

// Remember to import `sea_orm_migration::schema::*`
use sea_orm_migration::{prelude::*, schema::*};

#[derive(DeriveMigrationName)]
pub struct Migration;

#[async_trait::async_trait]
impl MigrationTrait for Migration {
    async fn up(&self, manager: &SchemaManager) -> Result<(), DbErr> {
        manager
            .create_table(
                Table::create()
                    .table(Users::Table)
                    .if_not_exists()
                    .col(pk_auto(Users::Id)) // Primary key with auto-increment
                    .col(uuid(Users::Pid)) // UUID column
                    .col(string_uniq(Users::Email)) // String column with unique and not null constraint
                    .col(string(Users::Password)) // String column
                    .col(string(Users::ApiKey).unique_key())
                    .col(string(Users::Name))
                    .col(string_null(Users::ResetToken)) // Nullable string column
                    .col(timestamp_null(Users::ResetSentAt)) // Nullable timestamp column
                    .col(string_null(Users::EmailVerificationToken))
                    .col(timestamp_null(Users::EmailVerificationSentAt))
                    .col(timestamp_null(Users::EmailVerifiedAt))
                    .to_owned(),
            )
            .await
    }

    // ...
}

There are three variants for each commonly used column type:

• <COLUMN_TYPE>() helper function, e.g. string(), define a non-null string column
• <COLUMN_TYPE>_null() helper function, e.g. string_null(), define a nullable string column
• <COLUMN_TYPE>_uniq() helper function, e.g. string_uniq(), define a non-null and unique string column

The new schema helpers can be used by importing sea_orm_migration::schema::*. The migration library is fully backward compatible, so there is no rush to migrate old scripts. The new syntax is recommended for new scripts, and all examples in the SeaORM repository have been updated for demonstration. For advanced use cases, the old SeaQuery syntax can still be used.

Reworked SQLite Type Mappings

sea-orm#2077 sea-query#735 sea-schema#117 We've reworked the type mappings for SQLite across the SeaQL ecosystem, such that SeaQuery and SeaSchema are now reciprocal to each other. Migrations written with SeaQuery can be rediscovered by sea-orm-cli and generate compatible entities! In other words, the roundtrip is complete.

Data types will be mapped to SQLite types with a custom naming scheme following SQLite's affinity rule:

• INTEGER: integer, tiny_integer, small_integer, big_integer and boolean are stored as integer
• REAL: float, double, decimal and money are stored as real
• BLOB: blob and varbinary_blob are stored as blob
• TEXT: all other data types are stored as text, including string, char, text, json, uuid, date, time, datetime, timestamp, etc.

To illustrate,

assert_eq!(
    Table::create()
        .table(Alias::new("strange"))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("id")).integer().not_null().auto_increment().primary_key())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("int1")).integer())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("int2")).tiny_integer())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("int3")).small_integer())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("int4")).big_integer())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("string1")).string())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("string2")).string_len(24))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("char1")).char())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("char2")).char_len(24))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("text_col")).text())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("json_col")).json())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("uuid_col")).uuid())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("decimal1")).decimal())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("decimal2")).decimal_len(12, 4))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("money1")).money())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("money2")).money_len(12, 4))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("float_col")).float())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("double_col")).double())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("date_col")).date())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("time_col")).time())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("datetime_col")).date_time())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("boolean_col")).boolean())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("binary2")).binary_len(1024))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(Alias::new("binary3")).var_binary(1024))
        .to_string(SqliteQueryBuilder),
    [
        r#"CREATE TABLE "strange" ("#,
            r#""id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"#,
            r#""int1" integer,"#,
            r#""int2" tinyint,"#,
            r#""int3" smallint,"#,
            r#""int4" bigint,"#,
            r#""string1" varchar,"#,
            r#""string2" varchar(24),"#,
            r#""char1" char,"#,
            r#""char2" char(24),"#,
            r#""text_col" text,"#,
            r#""json_col" json_text,"#,
            r#""uuid_col" uuid_text,"#,
            r#""decimal1" real,"#,
            r#""decimal2" real(12, 4),"#,
            r#""money1" real_money,"#,
            r#""money2" real_money(12, 4),"#,
            r#""float_col" float,"#,
            r#""double_col" double,"#,
            r#""date_col" date_text,"#,
            r#""time_col" time_text,"#,
            r#""datetime_col" datetime_text,"#,
            r#""boolean_col" boolean,"#,
            r#""binary2" blob(1024),"#,
            r#""binary3" varbinary_blob(1024)"#,
        r#")"#,
    ]
    .join(" ")
);

The full type mapping table is documented here:

ColumnType	MySQL data type	PostgreSQL data type	SQLite data type
Char	char	char	char
String	varchar	varchar	varchar
Text	text	text	text
TinyInteger	tinyint	smallint	tinyint
SmallInteger	smallint	smallint	smallint
Integer	int	integer	integer
BigInteger	bigint	bigint	integer
TinyUnsigned	tinyint unsigned	smallint	tinyint
SmallUnsigned	smallint unsigned	smallint	smallint
Unsigned	int unsigned	integer	integer
BigUnsigned	bigint unsigned	bigint	integer
Float	float	real	float
Double	double	double precision	double
Decimal	decimal	decimal	real
DateTime	datetime	timestamp without time zone	datetime_text
Timestamp	timestamp	timestamp	timestamp_text
TimestampWithTimeZone	timestamp	timestamp with time zone	timestamp_with_timezone_text
Time	time	time	time_text
Date	date	date	date_text
Year	year	N/A	N/A
Interval	N/A	interval	N/A
Binary	binary	bytea	blob
VarBinary	varbinary	bytea	varbinary_blob
Bit	bit	bit	N/A
VarBit	bit	varbit	N/A
Boolean	bool	bool	boolean
Money	decimal	money	real_money
Json	json	json	json_text
JsonBinary	json	jsonb	jsonb_text
Uuid	binary(16)	uuid	uuid_text
Enum	ENUM(...)	ENUM_NAME	enum_text
Array	N/A	DATA_TYPE[]	N/A
Cidr	N/A	cidr	N/A
Inet	N/A	inet	N/A
MacAddr	N/A	macaddr	N/A
LTree	N/A	ltree	N/A

Enhancements

• #2137 DerivePartialModel macro attribute entity now supports syn::Type

#[derive(DerivePartialModel)]
#[sea_orm(entity = "<entity::Model as ModelTrait>::Entity")]
struct EntityNameNotAIdent {
    #[sea_orm(from_col = "foo2")]
    _foo: i32,
    #[sea_orm(from_col = "bar2")]
    _bar: String,
}

• #2146 Added RelationDef::from_alias()

assert_eq!(
    cake::Entity::find()
        .join_as(
            JoinType::LeftJoin,
            cake_filling::Relation::Cake.def().rev(),
            cf.clone()
        )
        .join(
            JoinType::LeftJoin,
            cake_filling::Relation::Filling.def().from_alias(cf)
        )
        .build(DbBackend::MySql)
        .to_string(),
    [
        "SELECT `cake`.`id`, `cake`.`name` FROM `cake`",
        "LEFT JOIN `cake_filling` AS `cf` ON `cake`.`id` = `cf`.`cake_id`",
        "LEFT JOIN `filling` ON `cf`.`filling_id` = `filling`.`id`",
    ]
    .join(" ")
);

• #1665 [sea-orm-macro] Qualify traits in DeriveActiveModel macro
• #2064 [sea-orm-cli] Fix migrate generate on empty mod.rs files

Breaking Changes

• #2145 Renamed ConnectOptions::pool_options() to ConnectOptions::sqlx_pool_options()
• #2145 Made sqlx_common private, hiding sqlx_error_to_xxx_err
• MySQL money type maps to decimal
• MySQL blob types moved to extension::mysql::MySqlType; ColumnDef::blob() now takes no parameters

assert_eq!(
    Table::create()
        .table(BinaryType::Table)
        .col(ColumnDef::new(BinaryType::BinaryLen).binary_len(32))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(BinaryType::Binary).binary())
        .col(ColumnDef::new(BinaryType::Blob).custom(MySqlType::Blob))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(BinaryType::TinyBlob).custom(MySqlType::TinyBlob))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(BinaryType::MediumBlob).custom(MySqlType::MediumBlob))
        .col(ColumnDef::new(BinaryType::LongBlob).custom(MySqlType::LongBlob))
        .to_string(MysqlQueryBuilder),
    [
        "CREATE TABLE `binary_type` (",
            "`binlen` binary(32),",
            "`bin` binary(1),",
            "`b` blob,",
            "`tb` tinyblob,",
            "`mb` mediumblob,",
            "`lb` longblob",
        ")",
    ]
    .join(" ")
);

• ColumnDef::binary() sets column type as binary with default length of 1
• Removed BlobSize enum
• Added StringLen to represent length of varchar / varbinary

/// Length for var-char/binary; default to 255
pub enum StringLen {
    /// String size
    N(u32),
    Max,
    #[default]
    None,
}

• ValueType::columntype() of Vec<u8> maps to VarBinary(StringLen::None)
• ValueType::columntype() of String maps to String(StringLen::None)
• ColumnType::Bit maps to bit for Postgres
• ColumnType::Binary and ColumnType::VarBinary map to bytea for Postgres
• Value::Decimal and Value::BigDecimal map to real for SQLite
• ColumnType::Year(Option<MySqlYear>) changed to ColumnType::Year

Upgrades

• Upgrade sea-query to 0.31.0-rc.3
• Upgrade sea-schema to 0.15.0-rc.4
• Upgrade sea-query-binder to 0.6.0-rc.1
• #2088 Upgrade strum to 0.26

House Keeping

• #2140 Improved Actix example to return 404 not found on unexpected inputs
• #2154 Deprecated Actix v3 example
• #2136 Re-enabled rocket_okapi example

Release Planning

In the previous release of SeaORM, we stated that we want our next release to be 1.0. We are indeed very close to 1.0 now!

While 0.12 will still be maintained before 1.0 get finalized, you are welcome to try out 1.0-rc.x today! There will still be a few minor but still technically breaking changes:

1. #2185 Adding trait const ARITY to PrimaryKeyTrait, allowing users to write better generic code
2. #2186 Associating ActiveModel to EntityTrait, allowing users to extend the behaviour of Entities

Now is also the perfect time for you to propose breaking changes that'd have long term impact to SeaORM. After the stablization, we hope that SeaORM can offer a stable API surface that developers can use in production for the years to come.

We'd not have more than 2 major releases in a year, and each major release will be maintained for at least 1 year. It's still tentative, but that's what we have in mind for now. Moreoever, it will actually allow us to ship new features more frequently!

SQL Server Support

We've been planning SQL Server for SeaORM for a while, but it was put aside in 2023 (which I regretted). Anyway SQL Server support is coming soon! It will first be offered as a closed beta to our partners. If you are interested, please join our waiting list.

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